Cost Effectiveness of Evidence-Based Treatment Guidelines for the Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Level I Pathways, a program designed to ensure the delivery of evidence-based care, among patients with non– small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated in the outpatient commu-nity setting. Patients and Methods: We included patients with NSCLC initiating a chemotherapy regimen between July 1, 2006, and December 31, 2007, at eight practices in the US Oncology net-work. Patients were characterized with respect to age, sex, stage, performance status, and line of therapy and were classi-fied by whether they were treated according to Level I Pathways guidelines. Twelve-month cost of care and overall survival were compared between patients treated on Pathway and off Path-way. A net monetary benefit approach and corresponding cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Level I Pathways. Results: Overall, outpatient costs were 35 % lower for on-Pathway versus off-Pathway patients (average 12-month cost, $18,042 v $27,737, respectively). Costs remained significantly less for patients treated on Pathway versus off Pathway in the adjuvant and first-line settings, whereas no difference in overall cost was observed in patients in the second-line setting. No difference in overall survival was observed overall or by line of therapy. In the net monetary benefit analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, we found that treating patients on Path-way was cost effective across a plausible range of willingness-to-pay thresholds. Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that treating pa-tients according to evidence-based guidelines is a cost-effective strategy for delivering care to those with NSCLC