A new view on molecular genetic features of stomach cancer

The purpose of this article was to write a literature review on the possibility of genetic typing of patients with stomach cancer at the current stage of the domestic molecular genetic laboratory service development. Materials and мethods. The combination of molecular factors in gastric cancer (GC) used in the work was based on their relevance in clinical and experimental studies in case of GC over the last 10 years. The frequency of their use in foreign and domestic research works cited by PubMed and Google Scholar Systems, as well as our own research, was estimated. Results. Signs of genetically-stable stomach cancer (GSGC) were: a combination of low, below 10 %, p53 oncoprotein expression, the presence of at least weak VEGFR-C expression, a high, more than 20 %, proliferative tumor index. Chromosomal-unstable tumors were characterized not only by the presence of positive expression of crbB2, but also by more than 10 % expression of p53 oncoprotein and complete absence of VEGFR-C expression. Microsatellite-unstable GC (MUGC) was characterized by negative expression of the oncoprotein crbB2, positive p53, lack of VEGFR – C. Epstein–Barr virus-associated GC (EBVAGC) was characterized by the absence of the VEGFR-C indicator protein and by the presence of crbB2 positive expression, in combination with a low, below 10 % expression, of the p53 oncoprotein. Conclusions. Understanding the nature of the GC various genetic variants makes possible two basic types of complex treatment individualization: the individualization of chemotherapy and the personification of the surgical modalities