Physical Models of Matter*

A theory of physical matter based on fundamental laws of electricity and magnetism is presented. A new physical model for elementary particles, the atom, and the nucleus implements scientific principles of objective reality, causality and unity. The model provides the experimentally observed size, mass, spin, and magnetic moment of all the stable charged elementary particles. The model is based on a classical electrodynamic rotating charge ring. From combinatorial geometry, the complete structure of the Periodic Table of Elements is predicted, and the nuclear spins and structure of nuclear shells are correctly predicted. Unlike modern mathematical models based on point-like objects, a physical model has characteristics of size and structure—providing a causal mechanism for forces on objects and the interchange of energy between objects. From the fundamental laws of electrodynamics and Galilean invariance, the so-called “relativistic ” fields of a charged particle moving at high velocity have been derived. The results are mathematically identical to those predicted by the Special Theory of Relativity, but the origin of the effect is entirely physical. The model even accounts for the interaction of light and matter, and the physical process for absorption and emission of radiation by an electron is explained from classical electrodynamics. Using a ring particle absorption mechanism, classical explanations are given for blackbody radiation and the photoelectric effect