Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children’s Cancer Group 921 randomized Phase III study

day’ ’ (8-in-1) chemotherapy both before and after radia-tion therapy (XRT) (54 Gy tumor/36 Gy neuraxis) was compared with vincristine, lomustine (CCNU), and pred-nisone (VCP) after XRT in children with untreated, high-stage medulloblastoma (MB). Patients and Methods: Two hundred three eligible patients with an institutional diagnosis of MB were stratified by local invasion and metastatic stage (Chang T/M) and randomized to therapy. Median time at risk from study entry was 7.0 years. Results: Survival and progression-free survival (PFS) 6 SE at 7 years were 55 % 6 5 % and 54 % 6 5%, respectively. VCP was superior to 8-in-1 chemotherapy, with 5-year PFS rates of 63 % 6 5 % versus 45 % 6 5%, respectively (P 5.006). Upon central neuropatholog