Modeling the Effect of Nonideal Reference Clocks on the Jitter Generated in Timing Transfer

Abstract—In constant bit-rate timing transfer, the reference clocks which encode and reconstruct the service clock at origin and destination may be jittered. We present new, straightforward approaches to finding and visualizing jitter spectra in timing transfer for jittered destination and reference clocks, and confirm our results by simulation. Index Terms—Jitter, nonuniform sampling, sigma-delta modu-lator, synchronization, synchronous residual time stamp (SRTS). I