A lego system for conditional inference

Conditioning on the observed data is an important and flexible design principle for statistical test procedures. Although generally applicable, permutation tests currently in use are limited to the treatment of special cases, such as contingency tables or K-sample problems. A new theoret-ical framework for permutation tests opens up the way to a unified and generalized view. We argue that the transfer of such a theory to prac-tical data analysis has important implications in many applications and requires tools that enable the data analyst to compute on the theoretical concepts as closely as possible. We re-analyze four data sets by adapting the general conceptual framework to these challenging inference problems and utilizing the coin add-on package in the R system for statistical com-puting to show what one can gain from going beyond the ‘classical ’ test procedures