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What is the impact of infrastructure provision in remote rural areas? This paper uses detailed microdata from household and agricultural surveys, and agricultural mar-kets to evaluate the impact of a large-scale road paving program in rural India. The decline in transport costs brought about by road construction had large and pervasive effects in the rural economy. By improving access to labor markets, road construc-tion had the unintended consequence of increasing market participation rates, and correspondingly reducing school enrollment for teen-aged children. Households with increased access to goods markets saw large increases in the variety of goods in their consumption basket. This increase was greater for goods not produced locally. The dispersion of prices of agricultural goods across different villages and markets also de-clined as roads brought them closer. Finally, the paper finds that roads led to greater technology adoption in agriculture