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Echocardiography is currently the most widely used imag-ing technique for assessing cardiovascular anatomy and function. Clinical application of ultrasound encompasses M-mode, two-dimensional (2D), pulsed, and continuous-wave Doppler and color-flow imaging. Echocardiography, like invasive catheterization, provides information concern-ing cardiovascular anatomy, function (i.e., ejection fraction), hemodynamic variables (i.e., gradient or pressure), and flo