LOGIC IS NOT LOGIC

In this paper we discuss the difference between logic as reasoning and logic as a theory about reasoning. In the light of this distinction we examine central questions about history, philosophy and the very nature of logic. We study in which sense we can consider Aristotle as the first logician, Descartes‘s rejection of syllogistic as logical, Boole rather than Frege as the initiator of modern logic. We examine also in this perspective the unfolding of logic into logic and metalogic, the proliferations of logic systems, the questions of relativity and universality of logic and the position and interaction of logic with regards to other sciences such as physics, biology, mathematics and computer science