I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my joint advisors Dr. Azmy S. Ackleh and Dr. Keng Deng for introducing me to the field of mathematical biology. They have shown me how exciting and fruitful interdisciplinary collaborations can be. Their perse-verance, demand for continual improvement, and precise attitude towards research have impressed me strongly during my study. I would like to thank them for their continual guidance and encouragement. Their invaluable advice and continual encouragement have been crucial to the final version of this work. I would like to make an acknowledgment to Dr. Sophia Jang and Dr. Robert D. Sidman who have served on my dissertation committee and have taught me several courses. I thank them for con...