WOMEN IN POWER: HOW PRESENCE AFFECTS POLITICS

number of women represented in political leadership in the Americas has increased dramatically over the past thirty years. In 2006, Chile elected its first female president, Michelle Bachelet, and Jamaica its first female prime minister, Portia Simpson-Miller. Women have gained access to cabinet appointments with a regional average of 21 % of cabinet ministers being female, compared to only 14 % just 6 years ago in 2000. In national legislatures, the average percentage of women in office in the Americas has grown from 12.5 % in 1995 to 20 % in 2007, making it second only to the average proportion of women in Nordic legislatures at 41%. This growth has been particularly remarkable in Argentina and Costa Rica. Argentina’s first election of the current democratic period in 1983 resulted in only 3.9 % of the Chamber of Deputies being female. By 2001, women comprised 30.7 % of the lower house of congress. Costa Rica, one of Latin America’s longest standing democracies, had only 3 female deputies (5.3%) in the 1974-1978 National Assembly but witnessed a jump from 19 % to 35 % in the 2002 election. Progress has been slower for subnational governments but women are increasingly represented among governors, state legislatures, mayors, and local councils in the Americas. The growing numbers of women in politics augurs an important question – what effect do women in political leadershi