Environmental effect of courtyard in sustainable architecture of Iran (Cold regions) (Case study: courtyard houses in Tabriz)

in environmental design of Iranian houses, along with examining and comparing case studies in some Iranian cities like Tabriz, … could determine various aspects of environmental and climatically factors in Iranian tradi-tional architecture and provide approaches for contem-porary architecture. 2. CLIMATE OF IRAN 2.1 Classification of cli�ate in �ran: “Climate is integration in time of the physical state of the atmospheric environmental characteristic of a certain geographical location. There are different geo-graphical locations in Iran and this provides various climates and every climate has its special characteris-tics. Iranian researchers, like M. Tavasoli, M. Kasmaee, Dr.H.Ganjee worked on climatic divisions of Iran but the method of Dr.H.ganjee is the best. He divided Iran based on Koppen’s method. Koppen divided the world based on growing of plants. Microclimates have effect-ed on urban planning and architecture. In a vast country such as Iran, with different climatic zones, traditional builders in the past have presented a series of logical solutions for human comfort. Iran is basically divide