Adopting proactive environmental practices: the influence of stakeholders and firm size, Journal of Management Studies, forthcoming

This paper contributes to stakeholder theory by deriving a size moderated stakeholder model and applying it to a facility’s adoption of proactive environmental practices. We show that smaller facilities are more responsive to internal, societal and regulatory stakeholder pressures. The findings suggest that researchers evaluating organizations and the natural environment should be cautious about associating stakeholder pressures directly with organizations ’ environmental strategies. Rather, the relationship between stakeholder pressures and environmental strategy tends to vary with size. Key words: strategic environmental management, stakeholders, organizational size, moderatio