A Secure Ad-hoc Routing Approach using Localized Self-healing Communities ∗

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are vulnerable to routing at-tacks, especially attacks launched by non-cooperative (selfish or compromised) network members and appear to be protocol compli-ant. For instance, since packet loss is common in mobile wireless networks, the adversary can exploit this fact by hiding its malicious intents using compliant packet losses that appear to be caused by environmental reasons. In this paper we study two routing attacks that use non-cooperative network members and disguised packet losses to deplete ad hoc net-work resources and to reduce ad hoc routing performance. These two routing attacks have not been fully addressed in previous re-search. We propose the design of “self-healing community ” to counter these two attacks. Our design exploits the redundancy in deployment which is typical of most ad hoc networks; Namely, it counters non-cooperative attacks using the probabilistic presence of nearby cooperative network members. To realize the new paradigm, we devise localized simple schemes to (re-)configure self-healing communities in spite of random node mobility. We develop a general analytic model to prove the ef-fectiveness of our design. Then we implement our secure ad hoc routing protocols in simulation to verify the cost and overhead in-curred by maintaining the communities. Our study confirms that the community-based security is a cost-effective strategy to make off-the-shelf ad hoc routing protocols secure