Annual per capita economic growth in India increased from less than one percent per year over the 1960s and 1970s to around 3 percent per year in the 1990s. As a result, we have seen about a one-third increase in consumption per capita over the last decade, and a 5 to 10 percentage point reduction in national poverty rates.1 Trade policy reform in India played a major role in spurring economic growth during this period. But there is much more work to be done — not just in India, but around the globe — if we are to achieve the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of reducing income poverty by one-half between the years 1990 and 2015. I have argued recently in my lecture at the Center for Economic Studies in Munich that a credible poverty reduct...