Review Current Issues in Tourette Syndrome

described nine patients with chronic tic disorders char-acterized by the presence of involuntary motor and phonic tics.1 He also noted that these individuals had a variety of comorbid neurobehavioral problems, including obsessive-compulsive behaviors (OCB), anxieties, and phobias. Since the initial description of this disorder, Tourette syndrome (TS) has been considered to be a model neuropsychiatric condition with a complex inter-action of biologic and psychologic factors. The goal of this article is to review newer developments in Tourette syndrome by focusing on recent information published within the past 2 to 3 years (notated in Medline). Areas to be covered include the phenomenology of tics, newer tic scales, epidemiology, genetics, neuroimmunology, neurobiology, and treatment. Although advances hav