Anger and frontal brain activity: EEG asymmetry consistent with approach motivation despite negative affective valence

The anterior regions of the left and right cerebral hemispheres have been posited to be specialized for expression and experience of approach and withdrawal processes, respectively. Much of the evidence supporting this hypothesis has been obtained by use of the anterior asymmetry in electroen-cephalographic alpha activity. In most of this research, owever, motivational direction has been confounded with affective valence such that, for instance, approach motivation relates positively with positive affect. In the present research, we tested the hypothesis that dispositional anger, an approach-related motivational tendency with negative valence, would be associated with greater left- than right-anterior activity. Results upported the hypothesis, suggesting that he anterior asymmetry varies as a function of motivational direction rather than affective valence. A variety of methods have demonstrated that the left-anterior region of the brain is involved in the expression and experience of approach-related motivation and affect and that the right-anterior region of the brain is involved in the expression and experience of avoidance-related motivation and affect (for reviews, see Da-vidson, 1995, and Silberman & Weingartner, 1986). For example