Gariepy (corresponding author

In order to understand the statistics and physics of turbulence, we performed large-scale direct numerical simulations (DNS's) of canonical incompressible turbulent flows on the Earth Simulator, including those of (i) turbulence in a periodic box, (ii) multi-phase turbulent shear flows, (iii) turbulent Ekman boundary layer, and (iv) passive scalar turbulence. The DNS data were analyzed to study (i) the energy transfer in the inertial subrange and the multifractal characteristics in fully devel-oped turbulence, (ii) surface deformation effects on turbulence structures for two different types of air-liquid interface turbu-lent shear flows, (iii) Reynolds number dependence and the three dimensional characteristics in the turbulent Ekman boundary layer, and (iv) the universality of passive scalar turbulence. We also performed numerical simulations of turbulent flows on the ES from the viewpoint of engineering applications. We made simulation of flows and acoustic fields around horizontal-axial-type of wind turbine by using compressible Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and direct prediction method of noise, with emphasis on the blade tip region. Aerodynamic performance and acoustic emissions are predicted for the actual tip shape, an ogee type tip shape and an attached winglet. These giant sim-ulations are found to be available for the engineering topics such as design of wind turbine