Sidestream smoking is equally as damaging as mainstream smoking on IVF outcomes

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking (CS) is a widely recognized health hazard, yet it remains prevalent in society and the effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on fertility are unknown. Our objective was to measure the effects of CS on the fertility of mainstream (MS) or sidestream (SS) smoke-exposed women compared to their non-smoking (NS) counterparts. METHODS: This retrospective study investigated 225 female patients undergoing IVF (n 5 97) or ICSI (n 5 128). Patients were grouped based on their smoking status for comparison. Thi