PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Harmon-Jones / COGNITIVE DISSONANCE AND NEGATIVE AFFECT Cognitive Dissonance and Experienced Negative Affect: Evidence That Dissonance Increases Experienced Negative Affect Even in the Absence of Aversive Consequ

Research has suggested that the dissonance produced in the induced compliance paradigm is accompanied by experienced negative affect. This research, however, used a paradigm in which participants ’ counterattitudinal action had the potential to bring about an aversive consequence, thus leaving the ques-tion of whether the dissonance produced in the absence of aversive consequences causes increased negative affect. Results from two experiments demonstrated that individuals report more negative affect following freely choosing (high choice) than fol-lowing being told (low choice) to write a counterattitudinal state-ment that would produce no aversive consequences. The second experiment also demonstrated that the negative affect is reduced following attitude change and eliminated an alternative expla-nation of similar, past experiments. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings