Original Contribution Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Decreased Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer: Modification by Lymphotoxin Alpha

The potentially protective effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on prostate cancer may only exist among certain subgroups of men, such as those with particular variants in inflammatory response genes. To investigate this, the authors undertook a case-control study (n 1,012) of the association between NSAIDs and more advanced prostate cancer in Ohio men recruited between 2001 and 2004 and evaluated whether this association was modified by a functional polymorphism in the lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) gene (LTA Cþ80A, where the CC genotype results in higher LTA production). The authors observed an inverse association between aspirin or ibuprofen use and disease (odds ratio 0.67, 95 % confidence interval: 0.52, 0.87). This was modified by the LTA Cþ80A variant (p for interaction 0.03): Among men with the CC genotype, the inverse association between NSAIDs and prostate cancer was substantially stronger (odds ratio 0.43, 95 % confidence interval: 0.28, 0.67). For men without the CC genotype, NSAID use was not associated with disease (p 0.30). The authors observed similar associations when examining dose/duration of NSAID use. This suggests that any potential chemopre-vention of prostate cancer by NSAIDs may be most appropriate for men with the LTA þ80CC genotype. anti-inflammatory drugs, non-steroidal; case-control studies; lymphotoxin; prostatic neoplasms Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LTA, lymphotoxin alpha; NSAID(s), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug(s). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have bee