Prevascularization of a fibrin-based tissue construct accelerates the formation of functional anastomosis with host vasculature. Tissue Eng Part A 15

One critical obstacle facing tissue engineering is the formation of functional vascular networks that can support tissue survival in vivo. We hypothesized that prevascularizing a tissue construct with networks of well-formed capillaries would accelerate functional anastomosis with the host upon implantation. Fibrin-based tissues were prevascularized with capillary networks by coculturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts in fibrin gels for 1 week. The prevascularized tissue and nonprevascularized controls were implanted subcutaneously onto the dorsal surface of immune-deficient mice and retrieved at days 3, 5, 7 and 14. HUVEC-lined vessels containing red blood cells were evident in the prevascularized tissue by day 5, significantly earlier than nonprevascularized tissues (14 days). Analysis of the HUVEC-lined vessels demonstrated that the number and area of perfused lumens in the prevascularized tissue were significantly larger compared to controls. In addition, collagen deposition and a larger number of proliferating cells were evident in the prevascularized tissue at day 14. Our results demonstrate that prevascularizing a fibrin-based tissue with well-formed capillaries accelerates anastomosis with the host vasculature, and promotes cellular activity consistent with tissue re-modeling. Our prevascularization strategy may be useful to design large three-dimensional engineered tissues