Biodiversity of Collembola in Urban Soils and the Use of Folsomia candida to Assess Soil ‘Quality’

Abstract. The effects of metal contamination on natural populations of Collembola in soils from five sites in the Wolverhampton area (West Midlands, England) were examined. Analysis revealed that metal con-centrations were elevated above background levels at all sites. One location in particular (Ladymoor, a former smelting site) was highly contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn at more than 20 times background levels. Biodiversity indices (Shannon–Weiner, Simpson index, Margalef index, alpha index, species richness, Shaneven (evenness) and Berger–Parker dominance) were calculated. Of these indices, estimates of species richness and evenness were most effective at highlighting the differences between the Collembola com-munities. Indeed, the highest number of species were found at the most contaminated site, although the Collembola population also had a comparatively low evenness value, with just two species dominating. The number of individuals per species were allocated into geometric classes and plotted against the cumulative number of species as a percentage. At Ladymoor, there were more geometric classes, and the slope of the line was shallower than at the other four sites. This characteristic is a feature of polluted sites, where a few species are dominant and most species are rare. The Ladymoor soil also had a dominance of Isotomurus palustris, and was the only site in which Ceratophysella denticulata was found. Previous studies have shown that these two species are often found in sites subject to high metal contamination. Survival and repro