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be clumped. Here, we briefly describe approaches to spatial epidemiology that are spatially implicit, such as ky’s historical concept of landscape epidemiology consists disease requires the close juxtaposition of a susceptible Review TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution Vol.20 No.6 June 2005Pavlovsky, whose work [1] from the 1930s describing whattransmission declines dramatically with distance from an infected host. As a consequence, factors affecting the spatial positions of pathogens, hosts and vectors, and their probability of close encounter, are fundamentally import-ant to disease dynamics. Spatial epidemiology has arisen as the principal scientific discipline devoted to under-standing the causes and consequences of spatial hetero-geneity in infectious diseases, particularly in zoonoses (i.e. diseases that are transmitted to humans from non-human vertebrate reservoirs). Much credit for the early development of spatia