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Abstract. This paper discusses the need to recognize and take advantage of arising opportunities when an agent is autonomously interacting with an environment. We discuss the tasks, methods, model framework, and use it to analyze opportunities across several dimensions: when changing the tasks versus changing the methods, when having a complete knowledge about the methods in the domain versus having partial knowledge, when having a complete model of the domain versus having an incomplete model, when tackling a single task versus multiple tasks and finally we discuss the role of causal explanations in opportunistic case-based decision making