Stationary and dynamic flowsheeting in the chemical engineering industry

Summary. Mathematical models have become indispensable tools in the de-sign and the operation of chemical plants. Practical experience in this field dur-ing the last decade has proven modern equation–oriented simulation techniques superior to the classical sequential modular approach. The equation–oriented concept strongly relies on efficient numerical methods for large, sparse algebraic and differential–algebraic systems of equations. The aims of the present paper are to introduce mathematical models for the most important unit operations in chemical engineering and to survey numerical methods for the solution of large systems of equations arising from modeling entire chemical production plants. Special attention is given to numerical problems still encountered in productive applications in the process industry