Mandarin and English, and Listening Span in English.

Their oral and written proficiency in using questions in English was measured on their arrival in the UK and again after 9 months. (picture courtesy of Andrew Wright) Oral data was gathered via a timed two-way gap fill task, scored as the number of accurate questions as a ratio of all utterances produced. The written task consisted of a timed grammaticality judgement task, scored for native-like accuracy. The two task modes allowed for comparison between oral and non-oral processing requirements. WM was tested using five tasks: Digits Back and Story Recall in bot