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In the industrialised world, there is an increasing aware-ness that the present food consumption patterns are far from sustainable. To reduce the negative environmental e!ects caused by the production and consumption of foods, and to avoid sub-optimizations, systems analysis studies are needed; starting with simple products, and as knowledge is gained and the methods are improved, shifting to more complex products and whole diets. Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, which is a method for analysis and assessment of the environmental impacts caused by product systems, is a valuable tool for such studies. The concept of LCA is not explained in detail here; a brief description of the method in relation to food production has been published and there are several handbooks on the general LCA methodology (1}6). For foods, the com