Mining past-time temporal rules from execution traces

Specification mining is a process of extracting specifications, often from program execution traces. These specifications can in turn be used to aid program understanding, monitoring and verification. There are a number of dynamic-analysis-based specification min-ing tools in the literature, however none so far extract past time tem-poral expressions in the form of rules stating: “whenever a series of events occurs, previously another series of events has happened”. Rules of this format are commonly found in practice and useful for various purposes. Most rule-based specification mining tools only mine future-time temporal expression. Many past-time temporal rules like “whenever a resource is used, it was allocated before ” are asymmetric as the other direction does not holds. Hence, there is a need to mine past-time temporal rules. In this paper, we describe an approach to mine significant rules of the above format occurring above a certain statistical thresholds from program execution traces. The approach start from a set of traces, each being a sequence of events (i.e., method invocations) and resulting in a set of significant rules obeying minimum thresh-olds of support and confidence. A rule compaction mechanism is employed to reduce the number of reported rules significantly. Ex-periments on traces of JBoss Application Server shows the utility of our approach in inferring interesting past-time temporal rules