SEISMIC ZONATION FOR LIFELINES AND UTILITIES

This paper focuses on the four principal uses of seismic zonation for lifelines and utilities: 1) hazard delineation, 2) physical loss estimation, 3) assessment of economic and social consequences, and 4) planning for emergency response and recovery. Emphasis is given to geographic information systems (GIS) and their application to pipeline networks in evaluating the spatial characteristics of earthquake effects. The paper examines the GIS databases for water supply performance obtained for the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Kobe earthquakes. Relationships among buried lifeline damage and various seismic parameters are examined, and the parameters that are statistically most significant are identified. Using GIS data from the Northridge earthquake, the relationships among pipeline repair rate, type of pipe, diameter, and various seismic parameters are assessed. The effects of permanent ground deformation (PGD) on buried lifelines are discussed. Air photo measurements of PGD and the spatial characteristics of ground deformation revealed by these measurements are described. Mapping procedures for PGD hazards, including probabilistic mapping techniques, are reviewed. Recent studies of economic losses from earthquake damage to lifelines in Shelby County, TN are used to explore the direct and indirect economic losses of lifeline systems