Novel physiological functions of oligosaccharides*

Abstract: This paper reviews the evidence for novel physiological functions of oligosaccha-rides. A history of the research and development and the types of health benefits are dis-cussed. A key property of the physiological functions lies in the indigestibility of oligosac-charides, which gives rise to fermentation in the large intestine, followed by an increase of Bifidobacteria and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. This property leads to several kinds of physiological functions, classified into three types of health benefits. The first is the improvement of gastrointestinal conditions, including a normal stool frequency, less consti-pation, and healthy intestinal microflora. The second is the promotion of mineral absorption, including an increase of bone density and relief of anemia. The third is an immunomodula-tion effect, such as allergy and cancer prevention