q 2001 American Meteorological Society One-Dimensional, Ocean Surface Layer Modeling: A Problem and a Solution

The first part of this paper is generic; it demonstrates a problem associated with one-dimensional, ocean surface layer model comparisons with ocean observations. Unlike three-dimensional simulations or the real ocean, kinetic energy can inexorably build up in one-dimensional simulations, which artificially en-hances mixing. Adding a sink term to the momentum equations counteracts this behavior. The sink term is a surrogate for energy divergence available to three-dimensional models but not to one-dimensional models. The remainder of the paper deals with the Mellor–Yamada boundary layer model. There exists prior evidence that the model’s summertime surface temperatures are too warm due to overly shallow mixed layer depths. If one adds a sink term to approximate three-dimensional model behavior, the warming problem is exacerbated, creating added incentive to seek an appropriate model change. Guided by laboratory data, a Richardson-number-dependent dissipation is introduced and this simple modification yields a favorable improvement in the comparison of model calculations with data even with the momentum sink term in place. 1