Summary

Since the onset of the modern era of biotechnology in 1973, scientists have made impressive strides in developing new biotechnologies for agriculture (reviewed in Metabolic Modifiers, 1994; Etherton et al., 2003). Biotechnologies that enhance productivity and productive efficiency (feed consumed/unit of output) have been developed and approved for commercial use. Technologies that improve productive efficiency will benefit both producers and consumers because feed provision constitutes a major component (about 70%) of farm expenditures. Advances in biotechnology research have allowed impressive improvements to be made in diagnostic approaches, increasing microbial safety of food and improving animal health (reviewed in Etherton et al., 2003). The application of genomics, or the study of how genes (DNA) are organized and expressed, and bioinformatics in animal agriculture will provide new genetic markers for improved selection of all livestock species. Biotechnology also offers considerable potential to animal agriculture as a means to reduce nutrients and odors from manure as well as the volume of manure produced. Development and adoption of these biotechnologies will contribute to a more sustainable environment. Advances in plant biotechnology also have had a huge positive impact on society. An impressive number of genetically modified (GM) plant varieties have been developed with improved qualities, including enhanced tolerance of herbicides, protection against viruses and insect pests, and beneficial modifications in nutrient profile (visit AGBIOS a