Resonance in Forced Oscillations of an Accretion Disk and Kilohertz Quasiperiodic Oscillations’. ApJ 603:L93–L96

We have performed numerical simulations of a radially perturbed “accretion ” torus around a black hole or neutron star and find that the torus performs radial and vertical motions at the appropriate epicyclic frequencies. We find clear evidence that vertical motions are excited in a nonlinear resonance when the applied perturbation is periodic in time. The strongest resonant response occurs when the frequency difference of the two oscillations is equal to one-half the forcing frequency, precisely as recently observed in the accreting pulsar SAX J1808.43658, where the observed kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillation peak separation is half the spin frequency of 401 Hz. Subject headings: accretion, accretion disks — hydrodynamics — stars: neutron — X-rays: binarie