Cross-sectional Analysis of Anisotropic, Thin-Walled, Closed-Section Beams with Embedded

The paper presents a theory for the analysis of active anisotropic beams. The focus of the paper is on the calculation of 2-D, beam, cross-sectional properties that can then be incorporated into any 1-D beam analysis. Closed-form expressions for the cross-section flexibilities as well as actuation strains for an active, anisotropic, thin-walled, closed-section beam are derived and presented in a form that can be easily applied. Test cases presented in the paper indicate that the theory can be used to efficiently calculate accurate cross-sectional properties for preliminary design and optimization. I