ARTICLES Lifetime Risks of Common Cancers Among Retinoblastoma Survivors

ers of germline mutations in RB1 who survive retinoblas-toma (i.e., hereditary retinoblastoma survivors) are at in-creased risk of early-onset second cancers, particularly sarcomas, brain tumors, and melanoma. However, their risks for the epithelial cancers that commonly occur after age 50 years are not known. Methods: We used hospital records to identify British retinoblastoma survivors born between 1873 and 1950, a period when few British retino-blastoma patients received high-dose radiotherapy. Cancers and deaths were identified by linkage with national registra-tion records. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: We could trace the cancer histories of 144 survivors of heredi-tary retinoblastoma. From age 25 to age 84, there were 58 subsequent cancers, for a cumulative cancer incidence of 68.8 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 48.0 % to 87.4%