Non-Tariff Measures in Agri-Food Trade: What Do the Data Tell Us? Evidence from a Cluster Analysis

Preliminary version – Please do not quote without authors ’ permission Non-tariff measures (NTMs) are playing an increasing role in international trade of agri-food trade. Although well-recognized, this aspect has not been extensively analyzed at a disaggregated product level. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the trade incidence of NTMs notified by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries (OECD) countries on 777 products and clusters these products according to three trade indicators. While the ‘protection for sale ’ literature provides useful explanations, it is not completely satisfying in resolving the puzzle of cross-product differences in the occurrence of NTMs