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Despite increases in recycling, composting, and incineration, the sanitary landfill is still the predominant municipal solid waste disposal alternative. Today, “Bioreactor Landfill ” is one idea that has gained significant attention. In the bioreactor landfill ecosystem, the conditions suitable for waste biodegradation are optimized by the addition of leachate or other amendments. As a result, the stabilization of wastes is accelerated. During the past 30 years, numerous laboratory experiments, lysimeter experiments, pilot-scale studies, and full-scale investigations have been done on enhancing organic waste decomposition, conversion rates and process effectiveness in landfills. This paper provides a review of the biodegradation processes and the mechanisms in landfill ecosystem, technologies applied in bioreactor landfills, and the development of the bioreactor landfill