Characterization of nucleic acids by nanopore analysis

Single-stranded DNA and RNA molecules in solution can be driven through a nanoscopic pore by an applied electric field. As each molecule occupies the pore, a characteristic blockade of ionic current is produced. Information about length, composition, structure, and dynamic motion of the molecule can be deduced from modulations of the current blockade. The Nanopore Concept One of the most exciting prospects to emerge recently in chemical research has been that the properties of single molecules can now be investigated. Although single-molecule techniques such as atomic force microscopy can provide valuable information, it is usually necessary for a molecule to be immobilized before it can be probed. In this Account, we will describe a novel analytical approac