Multivisceral Transplantation: Introducing a Therapeutic Option for End-Stage Short Bo- wel Syndrome With Combined Organ Failure

Aim: To report an exemplary series of selected multivisceral trans-plants (MVTx), partly including right kidney and ascending colon in patients with complicated end-stage short bowel syndrome (SBS). Methods: Three patients suffering from short bowel syndrome and massive adhesions after multiple abdominal operations (“frozen abdomen”) due to fistulizing Crohn´s disease (CD), malrotation, and trauma after motorcycle accident underwent MVTx including stomach, pancreatoduodenal complex, liver, intestine, in one pa-tient plus ascending colon, right kidney, right adrenal gland, and greater omentum, and in another patient plus right kidney and ad-renal gland. Immunosuppression consisted of alemtuzumab, tacrolimus and steroids in one patient, and thymoglobuline, tacrolimus, steroids, and infliximab in the two other patients. Results: All patients were off parenteral nutrition by postoperativ