Two-dimensional electronic beam-steering. 4with implant-defined coherent VCSEL arrays

Evanescently-coupled two-dimensional vertical cavity surface emitting laser arrays may be defined by proton implantation in the top mirror. By controlling injection current to each of the elements in these laser arrays, the main lobe of emission can be steered in different directions up to 5 from normal. This two-dimensional electronic beam-steering with a three-element triangular array is demonstrated. Introduction: Coherent coupling of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays [1] has been achieved in a variety of device configurations [2–6]. In this work, we demonstrate two-dimensional electronic beam-steering by controlling the current injection to each laser in a three-element VCSEL array defined by proton implantatio