Hindmarch I. The Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire in psychopharmacological investigations: A review. Psychopharmacology

comprises ten self-rating 100-mm-line analogue ques-tions concerned with aspects of sleep and early morning behaviour. The questionnaire has been used to moni-tor subjectively perceived changes in sleep during psychopharmacological nvestigations involving a va-riety of psychoactive agents, including sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, CNS stimu-lants, and antihistamines. Dose-related improvements in the self-reported ratings of getting to sleep and perceived quality of sleep were generally associated with reductions in the self-reported levels of alertness and behavioural integrity the morning following the nocturnal administration of sedative hypnotic and anti-anxiety agents. Psy-chostimulants, on the other hand, impaired sub-jective ratings of sleep and produced increases in early morning assessments of alertness. Certain antide-pressant and antihistaminic agents produced effects similar to the sedative-hypnotics, while others did not affect self-reported aspects of sleep and early morning behaviour