Nomenclature

This paper presents analysis of the effect of actuation on combustion dynamics. Two dif-ferent categories of actuators are examined: flow sources, e.g., acoustic speakers, and heat sources, e.g., fuel injectors. These sources are modeled in the conservation equations and a finite dimensional model is obtained. Two methods of analysis are used to gain insight into the physics of actuation, and its stabilizing/destabilizing effect on the combustor through feedback control. The first is the energy method which is used here in a novel way to explain work ex-change between the different dynamic components of the system: the acoustics, the flame, and the actuator. Energy analysis is also used to quantify the “useful ” and “wasted ” work generated by actuators. The second method of analysis is the dynamic method in which the combustor is represented as an oscillator. This method is used as a basis of any optimal control design.