Automobile By

Urban Commuters inside an Automobile ABSTRACT: Over the last decade, a growing body of evidence has emerged to suggest a causal link between short-duration exposure to elevated levels of fine airborne particulate matter and adverse health consequences. It is believed much of this ‘peak ’ exposure occurs in transport microenvironments both because of the higher levels of fine particulates associated with road traffic, primarily from diesel exhaust emissions, and the fact people spend a significant amount of time traveling (for instance, 80 minutes/day for residents of Sydney). While previous studies have suggested substantial differences in exposure rates due to factors such as choice of mode, route, in-vehicle conditions, and meteorological factors, current measurement techniques have restricted insights to fairly coarse sampling intervals (e.g., every half hour, every trip). As a consequence, little tangible evidenc