Robust energy-efficient adder topologies

In this paper we explore the relationship between adder topology and energy efficiency. We compare the energy-delay tradeoff curves of selected 32-bit adder topologies, to determine how architectural features and design techniques affect energy efficiency. Optimizing different adders for the supply and threshold voltages, and transistor sizing, we show that topologies with the least number of logic stages having an average fanin of two per stage, and fewest wires are most energy ef-ficient. While a design with fully custom sizes can be extremely tedious to layout, we show that custom siz-ing can be used as a guide to group different gates in the design, resulting in a manageable layout overhead without significant loss of energy efficiency. 1