Assessment of immersion suit performance: human compared to immersion thermal manikin tests

Immersion thermal manikins have been widely used to assist in the evaluation of immersion suits and the determination of survival policies. The 200g leakage limit for uninsulated immersion "dry " suits included in many standards, specifications and guidelines is but one example of a pass criterion that has been primarily determined following tests with manikins (1, 2). The question remains: to what extent can the use of suc