remedy catastrophic and impoverishing health spending in

Absence of fi nancial protection in health is a recently diagnosed “disease ” of health systems. The most obvious symptom is that families face economic ruin and poverty as a consequence of fi nancing their health care. Mexico was one of the fi rst countries to diagnose the problem, attribute it to lack of fi nancial protection, and propose systemic therapy through health reform. In this article we assess how Mexico turned evidence on catastrophic and impoverishing health spending into a catalyst for institutional renovation through the reform that created Seguro Popular (Popular Health Insurance). We present 15-year trends on the evolution of catastrophic and impoverishing health spending, including evidence on how the situation is improving. The results of the Mexican experience suggest an important role for the organisation and fi nancing of the health system in reducing impoverishment and protecting households during periods of individual and collective fi nancial crisis. Many middle-income countries are immersed in demographic, epidemiological, health, and economic transition. This situation poses complex challenges for health systems, yet at the same time constitutes an opportunity and a catalyst for institutional renovation. Generating effi cient, fair, and sustainable mechanisms t