Maternal recall of pregnancy history: Accuracy and bias in schizophrenia research, Schizophrenia Bulletin 26

Most investigations that report a positive association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia have been case-control studies that are often based on long-term maternal recall of events during pregnancy. We tested the hypothesis that mothers of adult off-spring with schizophrenia or other psychoses system-atically overreport obstetric complications compared with mothers of unaffected offspring. Subjects were selected from the New England cohorts of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, a large prospective cohort with well-documented records of pregnancy and delivery. Mothers of 39 offspring with psychosis and 39 control offspring were recontacted and com-pleted a structured interview regarding their preg-nancy history. Accuracy of maternal recall varied greatly in relation to the type of pregnancy event, and recall was inaccurate for many specific events. For the control sample only, maternal recall of the total num-ber of complications corresponded closely to chart information. Contrary to the study hypothesis, moth-ers of offspring with psychosis report fewer complica-tions than indicated in their obstetric records, with no evidence of positive recall bias. These results suggest that previous reports of a positive association between obstetric complications and schizophrenia are not likely to have resulted from biased maternal recall