What makes for sustainable Healthy Cities initiatives?—a review of the evidence from

This paper examines the factors that have enabled the Healthy Cities Noarlunga (HCN) initiative to be sus-tainable over 18 years (1987–2005). Sustainability related to the ability of the initiative to continue to operate con-tinuously in a manner that indicated its existence was accorded value by the community and local service providers. The analysis is based on a narrative review of 29 documents related to HCN, including a number of evaluations. Nine factors emerged as important to ensuring sustainability: strong social health vision; inspirational leadership; a model that can adapt to local conditions; ability to juggle competing demands; strongly supported community involvement that represents genuine engage-ment; recognition by a broad range of players that Healthy Cities is a relatively neutral space in which to achieve goals; effective and sustainable links with a local university; an outward focus open to international links and outside perspectives; and, most crucial, the initiative makes the transition from a project to an approach and a way of working. These sustainability factors are likely to be relevant to a range of complex, community-based initiatives. Key words: healthy cities; health promotion programs; sustainability; evaluatio