ic ac a

nd electrolyte is X-ray amorphous. Its ionic conductivity passed by a maximum of 1.5 10 S/cm for a lithium concentration of 0.3 g/15ml. transmittance, when a voltage is applied to them. This ECDs investigated between 1998 and 2001 have been liquid electrolytes, solid-state ones have no or very limited thin coatings such as WO3 or Nb2O5 and counter-electrode such as CeO2–TiO2 have been produced using various electrolytes such as all-inorganic solid-state materials [8], ARTICLE IN PRESS Corresponding author. LIEC—Departamento de Quı́mica, Universi-organic compound-based materials [9] or organic–inor-ganic (ormolyte) systems that all contain mobile lithium or proton-charged species. LiClO4 is the most used salt to ge